A very technical definition:
Quadrature amplitude modulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
More infomation (less technical):
QAM tuner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I have two HDTV's both have QAM, the bedroom SONY 34XBR960 has a superior QAM, I am even able to pick up unscrambled premium channels on basic $11/mth cable. That TV will display the channel as (an example) 95.12345, so what you would need to do is write down the frequencies and save near by your remote, or save as "favorites". Also cable companies can frequently move them to different frequencies without warning. (That TV picks up in excess of 500 digital signals, mostly just signals of some sort or garbled audio, about 1/3 of them are viewable including Showtime in HD, all from basic cable.)
The other HDTV is a 40" JVC w/QAM. That tuner is almost useless for QAM viewing. If I had known that before purchasing it would have been another SONY.
As for viewing scrambled channels, you would need the box provided by your TV service company (in most cases), and pay the monthly box rental and cable fees.
For satellite service, you will need the equipment provided by the satellite company, and pay the monthly fee, no QAM tuner will help you there. Same for FTA (satellite service), you will need the decoder box, and a QAM tuner will not help. For OTA (with an antenna) a QAM tuner will not help (see wikipedia links.)
NOTE: local channels in HD (free TV) cannot be up-charged by your cable company, (FCC law), but you will need either a good QAM tuner (SONY TV), or pay the $6/mth HD box rental.
A good outdoor antenna will deliver excellent HD television, but that depends on how far you are from the broadcasting towers and quality (gain rating) of the antenna. You should research
AntennaWeb for more information, even the rabbit ears design will work if you are very close to the towers.
BUT Before purchasing, make sure you can return the antenna if it doesn't work to your satisfaction.
If expense is an issue, try an outdoor antenna or basic cable with the HD box rental, DISH and Direct TV can be costly, possibly over $100/mth with all of the movie channels.
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