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mikeflight
Last reply · posted in Free To Air (FTA) Discussion
Hi!

Firstable tell you that I´m really happy to find this forum ´cause I´ve been very interested reciving HDTV signals here in Europe, and there is no places to talk about it at all, but finally I have found you! :D

Well, I´m tryin´ to make my own HTPC with just 2 goals: To receive HDTV channels via KU-Band Satellites here in Spain with a Usals Rotor Dish, and to watch some feeds in 4:2:2. So I started looking for the DVB-s Pci Card and I´ve got two choices:

The SkyStar II, which is one of the most important PCI cards here in Europe and everyboody talk about it, and the SkyStar HD, a "stranger" one ´cause I´m tryin´ to read some interviews about it and I cannot find a place where I can compare it with the skystar II. ¿ What do you recommend me ?

The next point is the Proccesor... I´m very sure to choose AMD, but which one? Ok, I see that I need almost an Athlon 64 3500+, but reading some posts here, I´ve seen that sometimes it´s not sufficient to receive and watch 4:2:2 signals, or HDTV channels ( using, for example, elecard codec) I had the idea that the ultimate core duo proccesors was not really an answer to the troubles that we´ve got here decoding HDTV signals, but I´m thinkin´ that maybe it is the way to obtain it? It would be great to know the CPU that you are using to value my choice here :rolleyes:

And finally tell you that I will send the image to my 32" LCD monitor with 1366x768 via DVI connection...I have seen a lot Graphic Cards, but I don´t really know which one use.For sure with DVI port. ¿Any idea?

Many thanks for all, and excuse my poor Enligsh...:p
7 Replies · 2353 views
mikeflight
Hi again!

Thank you very much FordPrefect about all that links... I´ve been readin´all of them, and now I know some very important points to follow in the proccesor or graphic card choice. And thanks of course for you Anole :D I have felt very proud of my English ;)

Firstable tell you that I won´t use the HTPC to record anything ´cause for example, I´ll just try to receive 4:2:2 signals because of the Spanish Soccer feeds...then I will watch them and stop.

I think that the point that it´s really gettin´ me crazy it´s the proccesor choice... Someone told me that I need almost a 2.8Ghz Proccesor to watch HDTV. But I know also that I can run with a lower frequency if I have a really good graphic card.Is that true? If it is, which is the relation between the proccesor frequency and the quality level of the graphic card that I must follow in the final choice?

In addition, I´ve read that, for example, the 64 series of AMD it´s something that it´s just no neccesary for us because 64 bit systems are nice for transfering huge amounts of data, but HD content still doesn't need this (Unless you plan on having 12 HD cards in a system and are running a fiber backplane to a SAN, which is not my situation...)

So then I continued reading the post in htpcnews and they talk about Core Duo technology is the best choice for an htpc. Ok, but i´ve been searching prices and I saw, for example, the AMD 64 x2 3800+ ( 221$) and it works at 2Ghz. Then I see the P.4 541 that works at 3.2Ghz and costs 116 $ !!! ¿What do I choice?

The next step will be the motherboard, but I think that I have no doubts whith it ´cause I´ll choose a cheap microATX Abit, or an Asus, after the big payment that it will take me the proccesor...The graphic card is something that I reserve for the time that I´ll have chosen the proccesor and the motherboard...

Thanks for your help!
FordPrefect
Hi again!

Thank you very much FordPrefect about all that links... I´ve been readin´all of them, and now I know some very important points to follow in the proccesor or graphic card choice. And thanks of course for you Anole :D I have felt very proud of English ;)

<snip>

Thanks for your help!

Always go bigger then most people recommend…do not spare money on power, you can always use it and it last longer then mediocre speed machines…for example in 2002 I built a dual Pentium 3 Tualatin machines using Tyan motherboards, over 50 are still running…with no customers complaining about speed…yes, I suggest to regular users to buy dual Pentium machines, why I got tired of updating machines every two or so years, now 4 years later no one is asking to update…very satisfied customers. So having said this, here you go…buy a single CPU, when the price drops to $50 buy the second CPU and you will extend the lifecycle of your machine by two years easily…

AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+ Windsor 2.0GHz 2 x 512KB L2 Cache Socket AM2 Processor – Retail

I found the above on my first yahoo search for $130.99…

http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.asp?Item=N82E16819103735

Then this $129.00…

AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+(65W) Windsor 2.0GHz 2 x 512KB L2 Cache Socket AM2 Processor – Retail

http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.asp?Item=N82E16819103733&ATT=19-103-733&CMP=OTC-17exta6

As for the motherboards try a Tyan, I have used Asus, Tyan Abit, but I always preferred Tyan for the value…

http://www.tyan.com/products/html/tigerk8we.html

I really like this motherboard may build my project Dreambox dual tuner receiver using this motherboard… http://www.satelliteguys.us/showthread.php?t=80982

Open Box: TYAN S2877ANRF Dual Socket 940 NVIDIA nForce Professional ATX Server Motherboard - OEM

I found this motherboard at the same place for $199.99

http://www.newegg.com/Product/Produ...1&bop=AND&Description=13-151&Submit=SUGGESTED


Potentially this setup will give you a quad 64 bit CPU system…

As for graphics cards one of these would be fine…I like the features it has, i.e., DVI, TV-Out: HDTV/S-Video Out, VIVO: Yes…these features will insure that you will be able to watch HDTV at highest resolutions with no quality issues…

http://www.newegg.com/Product/Produ...VO:+YES&Submit=ENE&N=0&Ntk=all&Go.x=1&Go.y=29

Chipset Manufacturer: NVIDIA
Core clock: 470MHz
DirectX: DirectX 9
DVI: 2
Memory Clock: 1200MHz
Memory Interface: 256-bit
OpenGL: OpenGL 2.0
PixelPipelines: 24
TV-Out: HDTV/S-Video Out
VIVO: Yes
mikeflight
Hi guys, and merry christmas for everybody!

I´ve been taking a deeper look in the links that you gave me Ford, and everything has turned very sad. I tell you why. In newegg don´t ship anything out of U.S.A. So you could also be in Canada, and they won´t sell you anything... The same problem I had with some shops where I found the cute Astec Fusion Case, which is the one that made me fall in love.

So now I´ve been looking for some prices and all that I have obtained is:

A brand new AMD Athlon64 X2 4200+ at 220 US$ (spanish shop), and the Astec Fusion for 220 US $ (also in a spanish shop). Yeah guys, I know it, every price it´s growin´up with time, but I have no choice, so I will sell them this week.

The next point, is the mother board. I saw the one that you told me Ford, but I don´t like it at all, mainly because I want a microATX form factor board. So now I´m very interested in this one: Asus M2NPV-VM

http://www.asus.com/products4.aspx?l1=3&l2=101&l3=0&model=1138&modelmenu=1

The price is really cheap, more or less 80 US $, and I think that it comes with a "good" graphic card with HDMI that I think will work fine with HDTV channels considering the 4400+ Proccesor that I will use and the 1.5G of RAM. In fact, I found this link:http://www.nvidia.com/page/purevideo_support.html There I saw that gForce 6150 chip is very appropriate for HDTV signals. And the Asus Mother board that I talked about cames with it! :D Anyway, If I see in a future that the graphic it´s not sufficient, I would buy a good graphic card ( 170 US $ +-) using the PCIx16 free in the mother board. What do you think about?

Thanks 4 all your help!
digiblur
I have a AMD X2 4200 feeding a 57inch TV via an DVI to HDMI cable. I also have a 7.1 audio card feeding the 6.1 receiver via optical cable. The X2 4200 does a very decent job on the few 35mbps 4:2:2 1920X1080i I've thrown at it. This is using TSReader and VLC to view it. I do know that one time I had Windows booted up in single processor mode and the system was unable to keep up with the stream when I had de-interlacing turned on. So get as much power as you can afford.
mikeflight
Hi all!

I finally got the Asus M2NPV-VM, an AMD Athlon64 X2 4200+, a Serial Ata Seagate 200g HD, and the beautiful Antec Fusion Case. The next step will be the RAM, ´cause now I´m thinkin´ about 667 or 800 for a ddr2 1g module.

In the other hand, I´m really confused with the DVB-PCI choose. I tell you this ´cause I don´t really want to pay for a DVB-S2 card when we don´t know which norm it´s going to be used by the industry to broadcast in the future.

For example, here in Europe, we don´t have a lot of HDTV channels, but some of them are broadcasted over DVB-S standars (as well as 4:2:2 feeds) so I will be able to watch them usin´ just a SkyStar II...

All that it´s pushin´ me to think about gettin´a brand new SkyStar HD or a Technotrend S2-3200...

salu2!
Scott Greczkowski
Staff member HERE TO HELP YOU! Cutting Edge
Last reply · posted in The Chit Chat Club
Sometimes a thread gets so many posts in it that is can cause issues for the server so that why today we introduce The Song Name Game Part 3!

So let the game continue!

The last song was added by Bobby who posted...

One Meat Ball - Andrews Sisters

CONTINUE ON AND HAVE FUN! WELCOME HOME TO SATELLITEGUYS.US!

Here are the original rules for the game as posted by WebbyDude back in 2006. http://www.satelliteguys.us/threads/68645-Song-Name-Game

Just name a song title and the band who performed it. The next person does the same thing, but needs to list a song title or band name which includes a word from the previous entry. Pick songs from any genre.

Example:

Long Live Rock and Roll -- Rainbow

Rainbow in the Dark -- Dio

Another example:

Ride the Lightning -- Metallica

Lightning Strikes -- Ozzy Osbourne


Get it?


An additional note: we all know that song titles, sometimes, use profane words. Because this is a family friendly website it is advised that you clean up that title up a bit. This is accomplished by using something like sh!t instead of the real word. Thanks....
68611 Replies · 2678087 views
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ClarkGable
Highway To Hell - AC/DC
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harshness
Rockin' Down the Highway - The Doobie Brothers
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gms49ers
Brothers in Arms - Dire Straits
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sdfntx
The Smothers Brothers Theme - Mason Williams
FTA4PA
We Just Disagree - Dave Mason
Ramy
Supporting Founder
Last reply · posted in The Sports Section
Really excited for this season with Kentucky having a new coach and some really exciting recruits. Probably won't last long, but here's hoping this season is great.
153 Replies · 2230 views
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M


They get cruel sometimes, very very cruel.😈. Hated to see my dawgs go down but I still say being ranked #1 is a hex on you!
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Jimbo
They get cruel sometimes, very very cruel.😈. Hated to see my dawgs go down but I still say being ranked #1 is a hex on you!
Yup, I agree, I'd rather be 2 or 3 till the last few weeks.
dishstaller
Pub Member / Supporter Lifetime Supporter
Last reply · posted in The Chit Chat Club
Love this guy's channel. Looks like Walmart has thrown in the towel when it comes to conventional car batteries.

I bought a new AGM battery from Walmart about a year ago, it is already needing replacing. I thought about just buying a regular battery but from what I've read, that might not be a smart move. Might check my Forscan program and see if I can change the battery type from AGM.


View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awe7kY5nvdU
16 Replies · 160 views
harshness
When you need a battery, you need a battery.

If you can wait, new technologies are on the not-too-distant horizon.

You're probably doing something wrong if you're only getting a year out of an AGM battery. Heat and infrequent charging both significantly reduce lifetime.
Jimbo
The guy in the Video, REALLY needs to TAKE a Breath ...
If he'd Slow down, you could figure out What he's testing and on what. :(
harshness
If he'd Slow down, you could figure out What he's testing and on what.
You can't view his videos passively.

I appreciate this approach to videos that take an hour to deliver a fraction of the same data.

Now, if YouTube were required to flag the AI "reviews", that would really be something.
dishstaller
You're probably doing something wrong if you're only getting a year out of an AGM battery. Heat and infrequent charging both significantly reduce lifetime.
Huh? How can I be doing something wrong.....I took out the original battery, that was 6 yrs old and put in a new one.....kinda hard to screw that up. I figure it was just a bad battery....it happens.


The biggest takeaway I got from this video was the Walmart batteries only had something like 85% of battery life left even though they were brand NEW. The ones from O'Reilly all tested 100% of life left.
Jimbo
Huh? How can I be doing something wrong.....I took out the original battery, that was 6 yrs old and put in a new one.....kinda hard to screw that up. I figure it was just a bad battery....it happens.


The biggest takeaway I got from this video was the Walmart batteries only had something like 85% of battery life left even though they were brand NEW. The ones from O'Reilly all tested 100% of life left.
And the Walmart ones mostly had very little warranty.

My last AGM (using now) I got from O Rielly's, its the Super Start ... I got the Platnium, they had several to choose from.
TRG
TRG
Huh? How can I be doing something wrong.....I took out the original battery, that was 6 yrs old and put in a new one.....kinda hard to screw that up. I figure it was just a bad battery....it happens.


The biggest takeaway I got from this video was the Walmart batteries only had something like 85% of battery life left even though they were brand NEW. The ones from O'Reilly all tested 100% of life left.
I've been buying my batteries from AutoZone. I avoid Walmart whenever possible.
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dishstaller
I appreciate this approach to videos that take an hour to deliver a fraction of the same data.
That's the way I feel about it.
I hate those videos where they show themselves slowly opening up the box and unwrapping it.
His videos are probably the fastest pace test videos on Youtube.
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Reactions: Jimbo
T
He sounds like he's trying to sell me a pocket hose.

I just had to replace a car battery this week and thought I'd look into LiFePo4. Amazon has plenty of them, but all have top posts and only one 'also' has side connections (Group 75).Then I read that they're really lousy in the cold. So, an AGM, but again, almost nothing with side terminals instead of top. In researching that, I read that most mfrs in recent years have dropped side terminals and gone back to the old top posts, which is surprising to me since those are more corrosion-prone, cause the battery to need more space and are generally more hazardous. Finally I just threw up my hands and bought a regular lead-acid at Sam's Club. They had a Group 75 "Duracell" with side terminals only. It was virtually the only such battery with side posts on their shelves
arlo
Had a Die Hard in my folks cellar for over 6 years. Pulled it out, slapped it on a charger for a day. Put it in my 'Cuda and drove it around for a week of my vacation. Next year, the same. But my dad kept it topped off for me.It was a mid 80's battery in early 1990.

Flooded acid batteries like a float voltage of around 13.5-13.8 voltage.
AGM needs a float of 14.2 volts. So if you slap an AGM in where a flooded was. It never gets a full charge.
"Why do they die so fast?" Question answered. There are folks who sell voltage regulators for alternators that are designed to boost float voltage for AGM batteries.
The other way around? Flooded will gas-off a little at 14.2 volts. But seems to tolerate it pretty good.

Lithium car/bike/atv batteries. After 3 batteries in my Harley. The OEM flooded and two AGM's (before the 14.2 volt float requirement to let them live was learned). I bought a lithium for it. 4 year, no gripe warranty after having it tested by an approved store.
The thing started like Thor himself sent a bolt from the sky. Except......try to start it around freezing? Nope. Needed a heating pad.
And I usually like to park it around events in the evening with the parking light on. Looks cool like that.
We could traipse around for a few hours no worries. Hop on, fire it up, and go putt around.
Lithium? A Dakota Lithium at least. The BMS shuts it right down if it discharges below <something>.
Come back. Parking lights off. Won't start. And you know the rest. But it lasted 6 years. A lot better than 'new every two'. And the fact that powersports batteries are warranted for six, maybe nine months. Ludicrous.

I called Noco. Asked all of the right questions. Great warranty. Save some bucks ordering directly, faster service that the wally world alternative.
They addressed (or claimed over the phone) that the shut down was addressed. Sure. The BMS keeps it form being damaged. But if it is shut down because it does become low. Shut down any load (key on, parking or headlights left on) for 10-15 minutes and you get a second try to start your rig. Not a bad thing if it really works. Right?!

Exide, Interstate? Be very afraid. They ain't what they used to be. In Florida my '70 Cutlass had an Interstate (early 90') that lasted 6 years until it dropped its plates at an intersection and boiled over. In Florida, mind you. The last Interstate.....done in 2. Guys down there would suck out the acid and put water in shortly before the warranty ran out. Make it to the auto parts, get them tested. And get a new one pro rated. No more pro rating.
You can't beat an Odyssey. Napa, AC Deco (the better ones). Yup.
The mom and pop Car Quest only sells Die Hard. For a reason, the old man says. So they convinced that a Die HArd Platinum was the hot ticket for me. l will see. Stand by!

You can't cut Mr. Project Farm down. He does great tests of all sorts of things. Not sponsored and pressured to slap a little sugar on his comparisons and reviews. Compared to the Brits and Aussies with their constant overzealous and same sounding (Dave from EEVblog) rant. I like P-Farm a lot. Of course I like AvE (Boltr) too.
Reminds me to beware when wearing shorts around the garage vice.


Opinions may vary.
harshness
And the Walmart ones mostly had very little warranty.
The days of the 84-month warranty appear long gone, regardless of brand or where you acquired it. Warranties tend to be shorter, with much greater dependence on quick prorating.

The big problem for lead-acid batteries (whether flooded or AGM) is that the US no longer produces lead (the last smelter closed in 2013) and must import it.

Recycling covers a good chunk of the need (~70%), but it isn't free.
K
Pub Member / Supporter Lifetime Supporter
Last reply · posted in TV Shows
Season 2 order already in hand:

'Star Trek: Starfleet Academy' Renewed for Season 2, Tatiana Maslany to Guest Star in Season 1

I've not been optimistic about this show based on what I've read so far. Seems to be aimed at a younger audience. Interesting though that Tatiana Maslany will have some sort of role.
95 Replies · 3767 views
harshness
Females wearing any clothing is unthinkable on Ferenginar.
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long_time_Dish
Females wearing any clothing is unthinkable on Ferenginar.
Was never a huge of the Ferengi-centric episodes in Trek...
Jimbo
Was never a huge of the Ferengi-centric episodes in Trek...
Me either ...
They turned out to be a Poor adversary ....
Foxbat
They got their proper due on "Deep Space Nine"
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long_time_Dish
They got their proper due on "Deep Space Nine"
And too many episodes centering on/around them as well...
harshness
They turned out to be a Poor adversary ....
As has always been the case for those consumed by their own financial enrichment. ;)
S
Last reply · posted in The Chit Chat Club
The title was to catch everyone's eye lol! But it is a thought I've been having as I dev a Roku app for a client. You see many MAAANY years ago I got really interested in cable TV channels and even chatted with a regional carrier, Insight about what it took to get a channel number. It was surprisingly easy although prohibitively expensive.



You could petition, reserve a high channel number, they monitored performance and if they liked you, you'd get lower channel number overtime and cut into ad overlays.



Roku has a similar setup. Make an app, if it has a strong, original linear component you could get channel assignment on The Roku Channel.



As mixed as my feelings are on the current media landscape, I can't help but feel a little excited interest when I scope out the apps in the Roku store.
4 Replies · 84 views
navychop
Hmmm. I think Roku will last. But will Firestick? With their backing, I guess so. Apple TV STB? Of Course. Walmart? Seems someone ought to go, but with their backing?….

Off brands have, as probably expected, very short lives.
S
Hmmm. I think Roku will last. But will Firestick? With their backing, I guess so. Apple TV STB? Of Course. Walmart? Seems someone ought to go, but with their backing?….

Off brands have, as probably expected, very short lives.
All of those services have FAST Channels. FAST is a linear online broadcast stndrd. You notice how their linear channels all have some overlap? They are gettting paid for every second those streams are up without really having to do their own accounting. Best part is they don't even facilitate any of the stream bandwidth. Over glorified app stores on some android hardware. No reason NOT to stay in the game.
harshness
It is largely because of the standard Roku remote that channel numbers are a distant memory on the streaming side of things. Because their competitors followed suit only reinforces that they were right.

Linear TV's death is a direct result of DVRs giving you what you wanted when you wanted it; why go back?
harshness
FAST is a linear online broadcast stndrd.
FAST is uniquely popular as a way of saving money. It isn't so much about consumption as passing time.
dishstaller
Pub Member / Supporter Lifetime Supporter
Last reply · posted in TV Shows
Don't know if any of you have watched this series yet, it would be interesting to see if you feel this review was accurate. It was very humorous to listen to however.


View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tsDO3y8I2c
3 Replies · 138 views
KAB
KAB
What a "pile of slop" review! I liked the show.
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Y
What a "pile of slop" review! I liked the show.
If the review is like the article, oi! Eighteen paragraphs into the review and... all they've done is not really talk at all about the actual thing they are reviewing.

Halfway into the "written" review, I know more about how the writer "thinks" than I do about what they are writing about. I understand their politics, their self-overestimated understanding of film, their inability to be funny.

Takes about 22 paragraphs to get to one that starts "Anyway, the story kicks off...". Talk about Slop! 😂
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harshness
Punditry is alive and well and just as divisive as ever.
Gary Toma
Staff member Pub Member / Supporter Cutting Edge
Last reply · posted in DIRECTV Technical Resources Forum
The TPN Map Excel Presents all DIRECTV Channels:
​
National (50-States or wide/NAT+PR beams)
Local (Local-Into-Local or narrow/Spot beams)
​
Additional tabs provide:​
OTA the (Over-The-Air) Database
VOD (Video On_Demand) Records
Offline Records
Engr Records
Net Decoder a graphic presentation of all satellites and transponders
​
Domestic Satellites
@99W...... D11, D14
@101W.... D16
@103W.... D12, D15
@110W.... D5
@119W.... D8​

Understanding the TPN Map

Making Sense of the TPN Map Display Conventions
2164 Replies · 940248 views
K
660 CAVLIERS, 668 TWOLVES and 680 SPURS are now available
K
WPLG Miami is testing on the stream server again

EDIT: It's now available for streaming customers
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M
660 CAVLIERS, 668 TWOLVES and 680 SPURS are now available
Still with Choice package? My stepdad says when the game started he got black screen and something to do with not the right package.
He had the Twins the last 2 years and I saw the Wild screen on 668-1 when I was there a few weeks ago.
K
There were some technical issues during the pregame, where 668 was showing the Pacers feed instead of the Timberwolves feed until a few minutes before the game.

On the stream API it looks like some areas need the Sports Pack, what's his zip code?
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K
The BLUES, BLUJCKTS, HURCANES and WILD channels are now active and no longer pointing to the TV Promise slate
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dtv757
For those dazn nba channels are they sat only or sat & streaming
JSheridan
Lifetime Supporter
Last reply · posted in DISH Network Support Forum
I know HipKat said that they were working on conversions but we got the official news yesterday right from Dish that starting next month all DMA's will be on the western arc, and all customers will be assigned to that. That's gonna mean a lot of customers around here aren't gonna get Dish unless there are exceptions. Too many mountains and trees.
156 Replies · 4411 views
Foxbat
Unless Dish acquires DirecTV and its mid-USA satellite slots, I may not have Dish Network to reach 40 years. Or, I guess we could buy a new house…
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S
Unless Dish acquires DirecTV and its mid-USA satellite slots, I may not have Dish Network to reach 40 years. Or, I guess we could buy a new house…
have charlie buy you a new house :biggrin :clapping
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T
Well, I didn't immediately think of broadcast, where there are all kinds of digital "subchannels"- I remember back when digital broadcast began that supposedly the 6mhz channel would likely support just 1 HD program and that the added subchannels would likely have to remain SD. I don't watch enough broadcast to know. Are there a lot of the subchannels in SD-only, and how do they do that, like are they in 4:3 or some kind of low-res widescreen?
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Foxbat
have charlie buy you a new house :biggrin :clapping
Unfortunately, I don't think my social proximity to Charle Ergen provides any special perks. Maybe if Foxbat, Jr. were to marry his daughter…🤞🏻🤣
S
Unfortunately, I don't think my social proximity to Charle Ergen provides any special perks. Maybe if Foxbat, Jr. were to marry his daughter…🤞🏻🤣
that would be one hell of a convo :biggrin.
osu1991
Well, I didn't immediately think of broadcast, where there are all kinds of digital "subchannels"- I remember back when digital broadcast began that supposedly the 6mhz channel would likely support just 1 HD program and that the added subchannels would likely have to remain SD. I don't watch enough broadcast to know. Are there a lot of the subchannels in SD-only, and how do they do that, like are they in 4:3 or some kind of low-res widescreen?
New more efficient encoders. I think there's around 60 channels/sub channels now in the Tulsa dma. 480 widescreen for most of the sub channels, but some have 2 HD channels and a couple of SD sub channels while others have 1 HD and 5 or more SD sub channels. If they moved to mp4 or hevc encoding they could do higher bitrates for SD or more HD or even 4K in that 6Mhz channel. That could render some early digital tvs unable to tune though as they may not have the codecs for that. Considering 4K tvs have been on sale for years, I think it would be a very small minority of TVs with the problem. I'd rather see that happen and keep ATSC 1 than continue the move to a DRM enforced ATSC 3 world.