I don't understand why your original TV was tuned to Channel 21 to display Component Video.
Are your sure you are using the proper cables for the video and not confusing the Audio cables with the Video cables? Are you confusing Composite with Component?
Component Video requires three cables to properly display the Video as the information is separated into three separate chroma connections. The Samsung Component adapter is just a cable combiner to combine the three Chroma Video Component cables into the single output male end to connect to your TV. Since it seems to be working with your DVD/BD player you must have connected the wrong cables from your Dish Receiver.
Your TV uses a special Adapter component cable that combines all three Component feeds into a single output male end, also your TV may have an Audio cable adapter for use with your Video component inputs that combines the Left/Right audio cables into a single Male output to connect to the paired Component Video/Audio ports to get both Video and Audio for that Video setting on your TV.
Here is a Youtube video to refer too;
How to Connect Samsung 3D LED TV with Component Cables - YouTube
I would suggest you disconnect the White Audio cable and see if you still get audio from your Dish receiver (using the Component Video/Audio setting on your TV). If you do not, it is because your RED Video component cable is connected to the RED Audio Input on your TV. This sounds like the classic problem you have confused the connections from the STB to your TV inputs
Good Luck,
John