Phil T, good post, good questions.
First and foremost, you're hearing what's called "HD" not "all digital. HD means
hybrid digital. 1/2 of the available AM bandwidth of 10khz is assigned to the digital signal, 1/2 remains analog. At night, most AM's have to reduce power to not interfere with other stations on the same frequency as AM bounces off the ionosphere and can land almost anywhere, causing interference to other local stations on the same frequency. I'm surprised to hear of an HD carrier is even being RUN at night...many bigger stations shut theirs off at night WHEN they had it turned on due to interference and drop outs. You're basically taking the properties of AM bouncing around, then making it digital which at night will drop in and out worse than hearing a "weak" signal can be. Then there's the issue...if the system is not set up properly, when dropping back from HD to analog if the synchronization is not perfect, the listener will be driven nuts.
The Reason HYBRID DIGITAL (again, this is not to be confused with the handful of stations broadcasting in the NEW all digital format) is not popular is that: 1) It requires a license from Ibiquity which costs stations money, and the equipment is not inexpensive. It adds really NO return on investment to the station. 2) , when it's activated, HD on AM causes noise on both the adjacent frequencies. For instance, we're 1430. IF we were to do the current HD format, it'd make nose on 1420 and 1440. It's not "neighbor friendly" on the AM dial. Then there's 3) Unlike FM HD, it adds NO extra programming possibilities to AM, all it does is duplicate (while reducing sound quality of) the ANALOG AM signal. You cannot separately program an HD on AM like you can on FM.
In nutshell, AM HD is a toy that costs money. It's a waste on both talk AND music stations. it's just not economically smart, nor listener-gaining for an AM to do this. A properly processed AM analog signal will sound better than the HD does, (believe me, I know)....CAN be stereo, (received by many HD radios with some limitations) and, the analog -only signal has no extra licensing fees beyond each station's yearly FCC regulatory fees, which is fancy for, "Pay us or lose your license."
AM HD comes and goes, but is more on the "goes" side these days. And, we probably won't see many AM stations opt for the new "all digital" for the reasons already outlined in this thread of economics and loss of analog listenership.
AM analog stereo can be found here among other places:
WION
(best in the daytime when broadcast on a single tower, night array is being tuned-up for better after-dark sound.)