1) 10 AWG ground wire _is_ in accordance with 810.21, the wire can be bare or insulated. As for the conduit, yes use it, or if you don't, you should increase the size to make up for the lack of protection, also, if the conduit is metal:
The grounding conductor shall be protected where exposed to physical damage, or the size of the grounding conductors shall be increased proportionately to compensate for the lack of protection. Where the grounding conductor is run in a metal raceway, both ends of the raceway shall be bonded to the grounding conductor or to the same terminal or electrode to which the grounding conductor is connected.
2) You cannot use a metal rod driven into the earth for grounding of the dish and lead-in cable, unless the metal rod is bonded with a 6 AWG conductor to the building grounding electrode system in accordance with 810.21(J)**.
In addition, the NEC does not allow you to use the local water pipe [810.21(F)(1)(b)].
In addition, the lead-in cable from an "outdoor antenna" must be provided with a listed antenna discharge unit (grounding block) located as near as practicable to the entrance of the conductors to the building [810.20]. The discharge unit must be grounded to an acceptable location in accordance with 810.21(F)(1)(a)* through (f)*, with a 10 AWG copper conductor (bare or insulated) that is run in as straight a line as practicable [810.21(E)] to the electrode.
Caution: If the lead-in from an outdoor antenna is not properly earth grounded, the receiver can be destroyed by voltage surges caused by nearby lightning strikes. If the mast is not properly grounded, the Low Noise Block (LNB), could be destroyed by voltage surges caused by nearby lightning strikes.
* (F) Electrode. The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in 250.50.
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5 ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52.
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode conductor metal enclosures; or
(G) Inside or Outside Building. The grounding conductor shall be permitted to be run either inside or outside the building.
** (J) Bonding of Electrodes. A bonding jumper not smaller than 6 AWG copper or equivalent shall be connected between the radio and television equipment grounding electrode and the power grounding electrode system at the building or structure served where arate electrodes are used."